Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BLOOD LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN THROMBOCYTOPENIA

R.Z. Umurzaqova

Associate Professor, PhD

Gulhayo Mirzoxid qizi Xudoberdiyeva

Master’s Student, 1st Year, Laboratory Work) Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology, Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan.

Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, Mean platelet volume, Immature platelet fraction, Hypersplenism, Megakaryopoiesis, Peripheral blood smear.

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Abstract

Thrombocytopenia is a critical hematological abnormality presenting a significant diagnostic challenge, requiring precise differentiation between peripheral platelet destruction and impaired central bone marrow production. This study provides a comparative evaluation of advanced laboratory parameters in patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and secondary thrombocytopenia associated with hypersplenism (hepatic cirrhosis). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 120 participants: 45 patients with ITP, 45 with cirrhosis-associated thrombocytopenia, and 30 healthy controls. Comprehensive peripheral blood analyses focused on advanced platelet indices, including Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF). Statistical evaluation utilized the Student’s t-test and chi-square analysis. The results revealed profound differences in platelet morphology despite similar degrees of absolute thrombocytopenia in the pathological groups. The ITP cohort exhibited a significantly elevated MPV (11.8 ± 1.2 fL) and IPF (18.5 ± 2.4%) compared to the secondary thrombocytopenia group (MPV 9.2 ± 0.8 fL; IPF 6.2 ± 1.5%, p < 0.001), reflecting intense compensatory megakaryopoiesis in response to autoimmune peripheral destruction. Using a cut-off of MPV > 10.5 fL yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 84.4% and specificity of 88.0% for identifying ITP. Routine assessment of advanced platelet indices offers a highly reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective method for differentiating the etiology of thrombocytopenia, significantly optimizing diagnostic algorithms and minimizing the immediate need for invasive bone marrow aspirations in regional clinical settings.

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