EFFECTS OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION ON METABOLIC PROCESSES

Sh.D. Ismoilova; Sh.I. Qochqarova

EFFECTS OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION ON METABOLIC PROCESSES

Sh.D. Ismoilova

Kokand University, Andijan Branch Faculty of Medicine Department of Natural and Medical Sciences Assistant

Sh.I. Qochqarova

Student Group 24/04, General Medicine

##semicolon## Thyroid dysfunction, metabolism, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormones, metabolic rate, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, endocrine system, hormonal imbalance

सार

The thyroid gland is one of the primary endocrine organs responsible for regulating metabolic processes through the secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a critical role in controlling cellular energy production, protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate turnover. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), thyroid disorders affect approximately 5–7% of the global population, with hypothyroidism accounting for around 3.5% and hyperthyroidism for 1–2% of cases. Regional studies in Uzbekistan have reported a prevalence of 6–8%, highlighting the public health significance of thyroid dysfunction in this area.

This article examines the metabolic alterations resulting from thyroid dysfunction, including changes in basal metabolic rate, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and protein turnover. A review of scientific literature demonstrates that hypothyroidism slows down metabolism, leading to weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and reduced energy expenditure, whereas hyperthyroidism accelerates metabolism, causing weight loss, muscle wasting, and thermoregulatory disturbances. The findings underscore the importance of regular monitoring of thyroid function and early diagnosis to prevent complications related to metabolic imbalance.

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