CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH VITAMIN B12 AND FOLATE DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS RESIDING IN ANDIJAN CITY

R.Z. Umurzaqova; M.Sh. Asqarova

CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH VITAMIN B12 AND FOLATE DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS RESIDING IN ANDIJAN CITY

R.Z. Umurzaqova

Associate Professor, PhD

M.Sh. Asqarova

Master’s Student, 1st Year, Laboratory Work) Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology, Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan. Annotation

##semicolon## Megaloblastic anemia, Vitamin B12 deficiency, Folate deficiency, Macrocytosis, Homocysteine, Lactate dehydrogenase, Ineffective erythropoiesis.

सार

Megaloblastic anemias, driven by Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, present unique clinical and biochemical challenges, heavily influenced by regional dietary habits and gastrointestinal pathologies. This study characterizes these specific alterations in the urban population of Andijan. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 80 patients (aged 18-65) diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia and 30 healthy controls. Comprehensive laboratory panels including complete blood count (CBC), serum B12, folate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and homocysteine were analyzed. Patients exhibited significant macrocytosis (MCV 112 ± 5.4 fL vs. 88 ± 4.2 fL in controls, p < 0.001). Severe biochemical disruptions were noted, particularly elevated LDH (845 ± 120 U/L vs. 180 ± 25 U/L, p < 0.001) and hyperhomocysteinemia (24.5 ± 3.2 µmol/L vs. 8.4 ± 1.5 µmol/L, p < 0.01), reflecting ineffective erythropoiesis and metabolic blockades. B12 and folate deficiencies in Andijan lead to profound systemic biochemical shifts beyond simple anemia, including severe hyperhomocysteinemia. Early laboratory differential diagnosis is essential to prevent irreversible neurological and cardiovascular complications.

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