PDF (अंग्रेजी)
ZENODO (अंग्रेजी)
प्रकाशित
2026-02-27
खंड
Articles
##submission.howToCite##
##submission.howToCite##
TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION FINANCING: INDONESIA AND UZBEKISTAN
Shokhjakhon Oybekov
Independent Researcher at Tashkent State University of Economics oybekov97shoh@gmail.com
##semicolon## Higher education financing, Financial transparency, Accountability mechanisms, Audited financial reports, Education governance, Comparative analysis, Indonesia, Uzbekistan, UI GreenMetric.
सार
This study examines transparency and accountability in higher education financing through a comparative analysis of Indonesia and Uzbekistan. Using a qualitative documentary approach, the research draws on audited government financial reports, official ministerial accountability documents, and sustainability performance indicators to evaluate financing governance structures and institutional outcomes. The analysis focuses on observable transparency measures, including budget realization discipline, financial reporting standards, audit coverage, and corrective enforcement actions. The findings show that Indonesia demonstrates a reporting-centered accountability model characterized by standardized audited statements and structured disclosure practices, while Uzbekistan reflects an enforcement-centered model with intensive audit controls and corrective financial interventions. Comparative results indicate that stronger reporting transparency and integrated accountability mechanisms are associated with higher institutional sustainability performance and better international ranking positions, as reflected in UI GreenMetric indicators. The study concludes that accountability architecture — rather than funding volume alone — plays a decisive role in translating public financing into measurable institutional performance and global competitiveness in higher education.
##submission.citations##
Johnstone, D.B., & Marcucci, P.N. (2010). Financing higher education worldwide: Who pays? Who should pay? Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Priyono, D., & Ahmad, Z.A. (2018). The implementation of higher education funding in Indonesia. Open Access Library Journal, 5(6), 1–10.
Salmi, J. (2017). Tertiary education and the sustainable development goals: In search of a viable funding model. International Higher Education, 91, 7–9.
OECD. (2020). Education at a glance 2020: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
British Council. (2025). Indonesia education budget 2025: Policy and funding outlook report. London: British Council.
Government of Uzbekistan. (2024). Law on the State Budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2024 (O‘RQ-886). Tashkent: Official Gazette.
UI GreenMetric. (2025). UI GreenMetric world university rankings 2025. Universitas Indonesia.
Berger, A.N., & Udell, G.F. (1995). Relationship lending and lines of credit in small firm finance. Journal of Business, 68(3), 351–381.
Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation of Uzbekistan. (2024). Annual activity report of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation for 2024. Tashkent: Government report.
Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of Indonesia. (2024). Audited financial report 2024. Jakarta: Government report.
